醫學臨床研究？事實與理論、感官與思考兩者的結合？
英國哲人羅素（Russell, 1872 – 1970）：
「人生而無知，但不愚蠢，所以變為愚蠢，乃是教育使然。」
Men are born ignorant, not stupid, they are made stupid by education.
波裔英國哲人安得烈斯基 （Andreski, 1919 – 2007）：
「只要威權使人心生到畏懼，混淆與荒謬加劇社會保守傾向。首先，清晰而邏輯的思考能增進知識之累積（自然科學之進步就是一個最好的例子），並且知識之進步遲早會瓦解傳统的秩序。另一方面，混淆不清的思想茫無頭緒，漸趨沉淪而無能對世界有任何貢獻。」
So long as authority inspires awe, confusion and absurdity enhance conservative tendencies in society. Firstly, because clear and logical thinking leads to cumulating of knowledge (of which the progress of the natural sciences provides the best example); And the advance of knowledge sooner or later undermines the traditional order. Confused thinking, on the other hand, leads nowhere in particular and can be indulged indefininitely without producing any impact upon the world.
英國的法蘭西斯‧培根（Francis Bacon, 1562 - 1626）：
「實證者就如螞蟻，收集事實以便利用；但是徒具理論者就如蜘蛛，自己織網自縛。」
Empiricists are like ants, they collect and put to use; but rationalists are like spiders, spin threads out of themselves.
德國哲學家康德（Kant, 1724 - 1804）說過：
「理論而缺乏事實之根據則淪於虛幻；有事實而缺乏理論引導則無能判斷。徒有理智（大腦）無能觀察；徒有感官無能思考。唯有事實與理論、感官與思考兩者的結合，真正的知識於焉而生。」 Concepts without factual content are empty; sense data without concepts are blind. The understandingcannot see; the senses cannot think. Only their union only can knowledge be produced.
英國愛丁堡大學醫學教授（Cullen, 1710 - 1790）:
「無能之庸才、或殊少經驗之理論家，易作無用之理論。」
Weak men who have little extent of ability for, or have had little experience in reasoning, are more liable to be attached to frivolous theories.
黃帝內經、靈樞篇、九鍼十二原：
「知其要者，一言而終，不知其要，流散無窮。」